Mail List
A system that allows people to send email to one address, whereupon
their message is copied and sent to all of the other subscribers to the
mail list.
Mail user agent (MUA)
We usually refer to the MUA as a mail
client. Short for mail user agent, this is the software that allows a
user to access and manage email, including reading, composing,
disposing, printing, and displaying email messages. The MUA provides
the interface between the user and the MTA. MUA software is third
party; examples of MUAs are Eudora and Microsoft Outlook. The only MUA
that we offer are the various webmail interfaces.
Mailbox
The directory on a host computer where your email message are stored.
With some systems you can choose between keeping saved messages on the
server or on your local computer.
MAN
A MAN or Metropolitan Area Network is a large computer network usually
spanning a city. They typically use wireless infrastructure or optical
fiber connections to link their sites. The IEEE 802-2001 standard
describes a MAN as being: A MAN is optimized for a larger geographical
area than is a LAN, ranging from several blocks of buildings to entire
cities. As with local networks, MANs can also depend on communications
channels of moderate-to-high data rates. A MAN might be owned and
operated by a single organization, but it usually will be used by many
individuals and organizations. MANs might also be owned and operated as
public utilities. They will often provide means for internetworking of
local networks.
Megabyte
A million bytes
Message Board
An electronic message center (also called a bulletin board); part of
the Bulletin Board System (BBS). Message boards are accessed by dialing
in with a modem; once there one may review messages left by others or
leave a message. Bulletin boards are a particularly good place to find
free or inexpensive software products. Most bulletin boards serve
specific interest groups.
Message Store System (MSS)
The Message Store System (MSS) is a system that actually stores
customer mail messages. With a standalone mail server, the individual
responsibilities of message storage, SMTP, POP, and web interface are
performed by different services all on one server. However, on some
systems multiple servers handle the responsibilities.
Message Transfer Agent (MTA)
An MTA is the program responsible for
receiving incoming emails and delivering the messages to individual
users. The MTA transfers messages between computers. Hidden from the
average user, it is responsible for routing messages to their proper
destinations. In traditional stand-alone servers, this is a service on
the server. In clustered systems, a cluster of several servers
dedicated to that purpose plays the “MTA service”
role. MTAs receive messages from both MUAs and other MTAs, although
single-user machines more often retrieve mail messages using POP3.
Meta Tag
An optional HTML tag that is used to specify information about a Web
document. Some search engines such as AltaVista use "spiders" to index
Web pages. These spiders read the information contained within a page's
META tag. So in theory, an HTML or Web page author has the ability to
control how there site is indexed by search engines and how and when it
will come up on a user's search. The META tag can also be used to
specify an HTTP or URL address for the page to "jump" to after a
certain amount of time. This is known as Client-Pull. What this means,
is a Web page author can control the amount of time a Web page is up on
the screen as well as where the browser will go next. Here's a look at
the syntax for search engine indexing: Here's a look at the syntax for
Client Pull: this will "refresh" or change to the URL specified in 30
seconds.
MIME
A protocol for Internet email that enables the transmission of
nontextual data such as graphics, audio, video and other binary types
of files. An email program such as Eudora is said to be "MIME
Compliant" if it can both send and receive files using the MIME
standard. When non-text files are sent using the MIME standard they are
converted (encoded) into text - although the resulting text is not
really readable. Besides email software, the MIME standard is also
universally used by Web servers to identify the files they are sending
to Web clients. In this way new file formats can be accommodated simply
by updating the browsers' list of pairs of MIME-types and appropriate
software for handling each type.
Mirror
A server that provides copies of the
same files as another server. Some servers are so popular that other
servers have been set up to mirror them and to spread the load on to
more than one site. Many international sites have mirrors set up in
other countries to allow quicker access for their international users.
Modem
A device connecting a computer and to a phone line, that allows the
computer to talk to other computers through the phone system.
Basically, modems do for computers what a telephone does for humans.
Generally there are 3 types of modems: external, PC Card and internal.
Mosaic
Mosaic is the common name of a World
Wide Web multimedia browser program developed at the National Center
for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) in Urbana-Champaign, Ill. It was
the first Web browser that used the same interface for Macintosh,
Windows and UNIX, and started the popularity of the Web. The official,
copyrighted name of the program is NCSA Mosaic. The source code for
Mosaic has been licensed by several companies, most notably, Netscape.
MX Record
Mail Exchange Record - Mail Server records designate the mailservers
that will handle mail for your domain. If you have more than one
mailserver, MX records also specify the order in which the mailservers
will be used as primary, backup, etc.
MySQL
MySQL is a true multi-user,
multi-threaded SQL (Structured Query Language) database server. SQL is
a popular database language. MySQL is a client/server implementation
that consists of a server daemon (mysqld) and many different client
programs and libraries.
Navigate
To move around on the World Wide Web
by following hypertext paths from document to document on different
computers.
Netiquette
Contraction of Internet etiquette, the
etiquette guidelines for posting messages to online services, and
particularly Internet newsgroups. Netiquette covers not only rules to
maintain civility in discussions (i.e., avoiding flames), but also
special guidelines unique to the electronic nature of forum messages.
For example, netiquette advises users to use simple formats because
complex formatting may not appear correctly for all readers. In most
cases, netiquette is enforced by fellow users who will vociferously
object if you break a rule of netiquette.
Netscape Navigator
A highly popular World Wide Web
browser. The program allows for Gopher, FTP, and Telnet access as well
as email and newsgroup retrieval and management. Many companies use
Netscape server software to create Web pages and are therefore written
to be best displayed using Netscape Navigator. The program is available
for all platforms and is especially adept at displaying graphics.
Network
Two or more computers that are connected. The most common types of
networks are: * LAN - Local Area Network The computers are near each
other, in the same office space, room or building. * WAN - Wide Area
Network The computers are at different geographic locations and are
connected by telephone lines or radio waves.
Newsgroup
Same as forum, an on-line discussion
group. On the Internet, there are literally thousands of newsgroups
covering every conceivable interest. To view and post messages to a
newsgroup, you need a newsreader, a program that runs on your computer
and connects you to a news server on the Internet.
NIC Handle
Every entity registered with InterNIC has a NIC handle. For example,
Burlee.com has a NIC handle of BD927-ORG that contains our address and
contact information, so that we need not enter this information each
time a new domain name is registered. You can use the same NIC handle
as contacts for several domains. This way, if you make a change to the
NIC handle (i.e., the email address), all domains using that NIC handle
will be updated as well.
NOC- Network Operations Center
Responsible for the day-to-day
operations of the Internet's component networks
NSLOOKUP
NSLOOKUP is a command that can be used in Windows and Unix to find the
IP addresses of a particular computer, using DNS lookup. The name means
"name server lookup". The most common version of the program is
included as part of the BIND package. Examples: $ nslookup www.wikipedia.org Server:
ns0.southern.edu Address: 216.229.224.4 Non-authoritative answer: Name:
www.wikipedia.org
Addresses: 207.142.131.248, 207.142.131.235, 207.142.131.236,
207.142.131.245 207.142.131.246, 207.142.131.247
NT
A Windows NT (New Technologies) computer or server
ODBC Connectivity
A standard database access method developed by Microsoft. The goal of
ODBC is to make it possible to access any data from any application,
regardless of which database management system (DBMS) is handling the
data. ODBC manages this by inserting a middle layer, called a database
driver , between an application and the DBMS. The purpose of this layer
is to translate the application's data queries into commands that the
DBMS understands. For this to work, both the application and the DBMS
must be ODBC-compliant -- that is, the application must be capable of
issuing ODBC commands and the DBMS must be capable of responding to
them. Since version 2.0, the standard supports SAG SQL. Two types of
ODBC connections are as follows: Jet Data Engine - This connection
allows ODBC-compliant databases such as Microsoft Access, Foxpro,
D-Base and others. SQL Server - This allows ODBC connection via TCP/IP
to a Microsoft SQL server.
OLE DB
Abbreviation of Object Linking and Embedding (pronounced as separate
letters or as "oh-leh"). OLE is a compound document standard developed
by Microsoft Corporation. It enables you to create objects with one
application and then link or embed them in a second application.
Embedded objects retain their original format and link to the
application that created them. Support for OLE is built into the
Windows and Macintosh operating systems. A competing compound document
standard developed jointly by IBM, Apple Computer, and other computer
firms is called OpenDoc.
Open Source
Open source describes practices in production and development that
promote access to the end product's source
materials—typically, their source code. Some consider it as a
philosophy, and others consider it as a pragmatic methodology. Before
open source became widely adopted, developers and producers used a
variety of phrases to describe the concept; the term open source gained
popularity with the rise of the Internet and its enabling of diverse
production models, communication paths, and interactive communities.[1]
Subsequently, open source software became the most prominent face of
open source practices. The open source model can allow for the
concurrent use of different agendas and approaches in production, in
contrast with more centralized models of development such as those
typically used in commercial software companies.
Packet
A unit of data sent across a network. Packet is a generic term used to
describe a unit of data at any layer of the OSI protocol stack, but it
is most correctly used to describe application layer data units
(application protocol data units, APDUs).
Packet Switching
The method used to move data around on the Internet. In packet
switching, all the data coming out of a machine is broken up into
chunks; each chunk has the address of where it came from and where it
is going. This enables chunks of data from many different sources to
co-mingle on the same lines, and be sorted and directed to different
routes by special machines along the way. This way many people can use
the same lines at the same time.
Parallel Port
A parallel interface for connecting an
external device such as a printer. Most personal computers have both a
parallel port and at least one serial port. On PCs, the parallel port
uses a 25-pin connector (type DB-25) and is used to connect printers,
computers and other devices that need relatively high bandwidth. It is
often called a Centronics interface after the company that designed the
original standard for parallel communication between a computer and
printer. (The modern parallel interface is based on a design by Epson.)
Parking
A parked domain is another domain name pointing to your existing site.
For example www.example.com could
have a parked domain of www.example.net or www.myexample.com. When you
type either name in the browser, you get the same homepage. What you
are referring to is a subdirectory within a domain
mydomain.com/section. An example of a subdomain is http://www.interland.com/legal/ Interland
does not allow domain names to be pointed to a subdomain
on another domain.
Password
A secret series of characters that enables a user to access a file,
computer or program. On multi-user systems, each user must enter a
password before the computer will respond to commands. The password
helps ensure that unauthorized users do not access the computer. In
addition, data files and programs may require a password. Ideally, the
password should be something that nobody could guess. Most people
choose a password that is easy to remember, such as their name or their
initials. This is one reason it is relatively easy to break into most
computer systems.
PGP - Pretty Good Privacy
A freeware program, developed by
Philip Zimmermann, that allows a user to send email messages to anyone
in the world, in complete privacy. One can also send authentication
with your messages so that the recipient can verify the source of the
message. You can encrypt sensitive files on your computer so that the
files remain private even if your computer and disks are stolen.
PHP
PHP Hypertext Preprocessor is a
server-side, HTML-embedded scripting language used to create dynamic
Web pages. In an HTML document, PHP script (similar syntax to that of
Perl or C) is enclosed within special PHP tags. Because PHP is embedded
within tags, the author can jump between HTML and PHP (similar to ASP
and Cold Fusion) instead of having to rely on heavy amounts of code to
output HTML. Because PHP is executed on the server, the client cannot
view the PHP code. PHP can perform any task any CGI program can, but
its strength lies in its compatibility with many types of databases.
Also, PHP can talk across networks using IMAP, SNMP, NNTP, POP3 or
HTTP.
PING
Packet Internet Groper - An Internet program used to determine whether
a specific IP address is accessible. It works by sending a packet to
the specified address and waiting for a reply, then reporting how many
hops are required to connect two Internet hosts. PING is used primarily
to troubleshoot Internet connections. There are many freeware and
shareware PING utilities available for personal computers.
Platform
The type of computer or operating system on which a software
application runs. For example, some common platforms are PC, Macintosh,
Unix and NeXT. When someone knows more than one of these platforms or
when a program can be used on more than one of these platforms, it is
termed cross-platform.
POP
Post Office Protocol - POP refers to the protocol used by email
software, such as Eudora or Outlook Express, to retrieve electronic
mail from a mail server. The protocol used by mail clients to retrieve
messages from a mail server. This includes POP1, POP2, and POP3, the
number denoting the different version number of the protocol. POP3 is
the most common email standard. POP is the protocol used by mail
clients to retrieve messages from a mail server.
Port
1. A place where information goes into or out of a computer, or both.
For instance, the serial port on a personal computer is where a modem
would be connected. 2. On the Internet, port often refers to a number
that is part of a URL, appearing after a colon (:) right after the
domain name. Every service on an Internet server "listens" on a
particular port number on that server. Most services have standard port
numbers; Web servers normally listen on port 80. Services can also
listen on non-standard ports, in which case the port number must be
specified in a URL when accessing the server, so you might see a URL of
the form: gopher://peg.cwis.uci.edu:7000/ which
shows a gopher server running on a non-standard port (the standard
gopher port is 70). 3. To port is to translate a piece of software to
bring it from one type of computer system to another, e.g. to translate
a Windows program so that is will run on a Macintosh.
PPP
Point-to-Point Protocol -
Communication protocol used over serial lines to support Internet
connectivity.
Protocol
Protocol is a set of rules governing behavior in certain situations.
Foreign diplomats learn local protocol to ensure that they behave
correctly in another country. The protocols ensure that there are no
communication breakdowns or serious misunderstandings. Computers need
protocols, too, to ensure that they can communicate with each other
correctly and to ensure data is exchanged correctly. The Internet is
made up of various protocols for various functions.
Query
A question usually used in connection with a search engine or database
to find a particular file, Web site, record or set of records in a
database.
RAID5
RAID is a way of storing the same data in different places by placing
data on multiple hard disks. By placing data on multiple disks
operations can overlap in a balanced way, improving performance.
RAM
Random-Access Memory - Hardware inside your computer that retains
memory on a short-term basis. This information is stored temporarily
while you're working on it. RAM comes in several different forms.
RDS
RDS is a ColdFusion feature, which allows customers to access server
files and ODBC sources. Connecting to a MS-SQL or any Database via Cold
Fusion Studio (RDS) is usually done during the development phase of a
project.
RealAudio
RealNetworks' (formerly Progressive Networks) RealAudio client-server
software system enables Internet and online users equipped with
conventional multimedia personal computers and voice-grade telephone
lines to browse, select and play back audio or audio-based multimedia
content on demand, in real time. This is a real breakthrough compared
to typical download times encountered with delivery of audio over
conventional online methods with which audio is downloaded at a rate
that is five times longer than the actual program.
RealMedia
A term encompassing RealNetworks'
RealAudio and RealVideo
Realtime Blackhole List (RBL)
Realtime Blackhole List (RBL) is a list of IP addresses whose owners
refuse to stop sending spam. The RBL usually lists server IP addresses
from ISPs whose customers are responsible for the spam, or from ISPs
whose servers are hijacked for spam relay. Companies who subscribe to
the RBL will know from which IP addresses to block traffic. Most
traffic blocking occurs during the SMTP connection phase. The receiving
end will check the RBL for the connecting IP address. If the IP address
matches one on the list, then the connection gets dropped before
accepting any traffic from the spammer. Some ISPs, though, will choose
to blackhole (or ignore) IP packets at their routers. The goal here is
to block all IP traffic. The RBL was created by Mail Abuse Prevention
System (MAPS) LLC., but there are other entities that keep RBLs besides
MAPS. We use lists such as, but not limited to, SpamHaus and SpamCop in
the CatchGuard feature offered with some of our mail packages.
RealVideo
A streaming technology developed by
RealNetworks (formerly Progressive Networks) for transmitting live
video over the Internet. RealVideo uses a variety of data compression
techniques and works with both normal IP connections as well as IP
Multicast connections.
Remember My Login
If you select this option you will not be prompted for your username
and password when entering the site. This maynot be secure if you are
using a public or shared computer. Your computer must be set to accept
cookies to use this feature.
Remote Terminal
It is possible to log in to a remote computer by using an application
program based on TELNET - a terminal emulation protocol made for this
purpose. The user can therefore enter commands on a keyboard attached
to their local computer and access files, etc., on a remote computer
that may be located anywhere in the world.
Requests for Comments (RFC)
The Requests for Comments (RFC) document series is a set of technical
and organizational notes about the Internet (originally the ARPANET),
starting in 1969. Memos in the RFC series discuss many aspects of
computer networking, including protocols, procedures, programs, and
concepts. The official specification documents of the Internet Protocol
suite that are defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
and the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG ) are recorded and
published as standards track RFCs. As a result, the RFC publication
process plays an important role in the Internet standards process. Our
company uses these standards to make its engineering decisions,
including all rules and settings on our servers.
Router
Hardware (or software) that connects a local network to the Internet.
Routers look at the destination addresses of the packets passing
through them and decide which route to send them on.
Scalability
How well a solution to a given issue will work when the size of the
issue increases.
Script
Another term for macro or batch file, a script is a list of commands
that can be executed without user interaction. A script language is a
simple programming language with which you can write scripts.
Search Engine
A program which acts like a card catalog for the Internet. Search
engines attempt to help a user isolate desired information or resources
by searching for keywords that the user specifies. The method for
finding this information is usually done by maintaining an index of Web
resources that can be queried for the keywords or concepts entered by
the user. The index can be built from specific resource lists or
created by Web wanderers, robots, spiders, crawlers and worms. From the
Net surfer point of view, search engines can be quite tiresome and not
very fruitful if you don't know how to use them correctly. Different
engines are good for different kinds of searches, so to optimize search
results, read the search engine's help section before searching.
SEO
SEO, or search engine optimization is a subset of search engine
marketing, and deals with improving the number and/or quality of
visitors to a web site from "natural" (aka "organic" or "algorithmic"
search engine) listings. The term SEO can also refer to "search engine
optimizers", an industry of consultants who carry out optimization
projects on behalf of clients.
Server
A host computer on a network that holds information (such as Web sites)
and responds to requests for information from it (links to another Web
page). The term server is also used to refer to the software that makes
the act of serving information possible. Commerce servers, for example,
use software to run the main functions of an e-commerce Web site, such
as product display, online ordering, and inventory management. You'll
also hear this described as "shopping cart technology".
Server has no DNS Entry
This can mean that the URL you have is an incorrect address. Netscape
finds Web pages by querying a Domain Name Server (DNS) computer and
asking the computer for the numerical address of the name address in
the link. If it does not get a reply, it's because the DNS computer has
no record of the name.
Shopping Cart
A shopping cart is a piece of software
that acts as an online store's catalog and ordering process. Typically,
a shopping cart is the interface between a company's Web site and its
deeper infrastructure, allowing consumers to select merchandise; review
what they have selected; make necessary modifications or additions; and
purchase the merchandise.
SLIP
Serial Line Internet Protocol - Communication protocol used over serial
lines to support Internet connectivity.
SLIP/PPP
To connect to the Internet via Serial
Line Internet Protocol (SLIP) or Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP), you
need to have TCP/IP software on your computer. When connected by
SLIP/PPP, your computer actually becomes another node on the Internet.
You can then run popular client software directly. This has an
advantage over a shell account where you will have to double download
in order to transfer a file by FTP because the data first goes to
network and then to a local machine.
SMTP
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol - This is the generally accepted protocol
for outgoing email.
SMTP blocking
Many ISPs have implemented various filters and policies to help control
traffic on their networks. Most ISPs use a form of filtering called
SMTP Blocking, which restricts their users from routing mail through
mail servers except for those controlled by the ISP. This also allows
ISPs to control and monitor their network traffic. You need to check
with their ISP to find out which SMTP server you should be using.
Solution
The word tagged onto computer terms when it is meant to imply that the
product or software is meeting the needs and addressing the "problems"
that have been associated with a particular type of computer software
package or application. Usually these needs are in abundance and
encompass a variety of tasks.
Spam
To send identical and irrelevant
postings to many different newsgroups or mailing lists. Usually this
posting is something that has nothing to do with the particular topic
of a newsgroup or of no real interest to the person on the mailing
list. The name comes from a Monty Python song and is considered to be a
serious violation of netiquette.
Spam relay
Spam relaying is a dishonest practice
employed by spammers whereby bulk email messages are forwarded, or
relayed, through someone else's outbound mail server in an effort to
mask the original source of the email. Although spammers usually act
without the knowledge or consent of the administrator whose server is
being used as a relay, it is impossible to tell whether the spammer was
actually given permission to use the server as a relay. For this
reason, Internet providers commonly blacklist any server that is
identified as an open spam relay, even though you may be more a victim
of the spammer than the spam recipients themselves.
SQL
Structured Query Language - The standardized query language for
requesting information from a database. The original version called
SEQUEL (structured English query language) was designed by an IBM
research center in 1974 and 1975. Oracle Corporation first introduced
SQL as a commercial database system in 1979.
SQL Server
A Relational Data Base Management System (RDBMS) from Sybase
Corporation. SQL Server was designed for client/server use and is
accessed by applications using SQL. It runs on OS/2, Windows NT,
NetWare servers, VAXen, and UNIX workstations. Generically, any
database management system (DBMS) that can respond to queries from
client machines formatted in the SQL language. When capitalized, the
term generally refers to either of two database management products
from Sybase and Microsoft. Both companies offer client-server DBMS
products called SQL Server.
SRAM
Static Random-Access Memory - SRAM is used for caching because it is a
lot faster. This chip holds its contents without refreshing from the
CPU.
SSI - Server Side Include
A type of HTML comment that directs the Web server to dynamically
generate data for the Web page whenever it is requested.
SSL - Secured Sockets Layer
A protocol that delivers server authentication, data encryption and
message integrity. SSL is layered beneath application protocols such as
HTTP, SMTP, Telnet, FTP, Gopher and NNTP, and layered above the
connection protocol TCP/IP. This strategy allows SSL to operate
independently of the Internet application protocols. With SSL
implemented on both the client and server, your Internet communications
are transmitted in encrypted form. Information you send can be trusted
to arrive privately and unaltered to the server you specify and no
other.
Static IP
An IP address which is the same every time you log on to the Internet.
See IP address for more information.
Streaming Media
Certain plug-ins and software packages exist that permit you to view a
file as it downloads. An initial portion is sent, and as that plays,
the rest of the file downloads, building upon itself slowly. This also
allows "live" video feeds to the Internet, so you can watch a newscast
as it's being broadcast, or run a live teaching seminar with a
world-wide audience.
Streamworks
The StreamWorks Player brings the power of networked audio and video to
the desktop. You can play "live" and "on-demand" audio and video from
StreamWorks Servers across the globe. The StreamWorks Transmitter
allows for LIVE network encoding of digital audio and video over
today's networks. Taking inputs from analog audio and video
connections, like the ones on the back of a VCR, StreamWorks
Transmitter is capable of enabling live, real-time MPEG audio and video
over industry standard TCP/IP networks.
T-1
A leased line connection capable of carrying data at 1,544,000
bits-per-second. At maximum theoretical capacity, a T-1 line could move
a megabyte in less than 10 seconds. That is still not fast enough for
full-screen, full-motion video, for which you need at least 10,000,000
bits-per-second. T-1 is the fastest speed commonly used to connect
networks to the Internet.
T-3
A leased line connection capable of carrying data at 44,736,000
bits-per-second. This is more than enough to do full-screen,
full-motion video.
Tag
A tag is used to describe a type of
command or instruction usually in regards to HTML or Web page code.
HTML tags look like this: , , or , always with a pair of brackets
(<>) surrounding the specific instruction.
TCP/IP
Transmission Control - This set of protocols makes TELNET, FTP, email,
and other services possible among computers that don't belong to the
same network.
Telnet
An Internet program for connecting to a remote host or server. The
Telnet interface is text-based and a user usually has to enter their
login name and password before gaining access to the system. Some of
the things that can be done with Telnet access include checking email,
downloading programs and chatting with other Telnet users. It is one of
the oldest Internet activities and is primarily used to access online
databases or to read articles stored on university servers. It is also
possible to Telnet via your Web browser by changing the http:// to telnet:// and
entering in the site's address.
Terabyte
1000 Gigabytes
Terminal
A device that allows you to send commands to a computer somewhere else.
At a minimum, this usually means a keyboard and a display screen and
some simple circuitry. Usually you will use terminal software in a
personal computer - the software pretends to be ("emulates") a physical
terminal and allows you to type commands to a computer somewhere else.
Terminal Server
A special-purpose computer with places to plug in many modems on one
side and with a connection to a LAN or host machine on the other side.
The terminal server answers calls and passes the connections on to the
appropriate node. Most terminal servers can provide PPP or SLIP
services if connected to the Internet.
Traceroute
A traceroute is the process of viewing
the Internet connection route that takes place between two machines.
When a machine, or computer, is connecting to another computer, the
connection may span over several routers. If one of those routers is
down, then Internet Connection cannot be established. Doing a
traceroute enables you to see which router is causing the problem.
Command line syntax. tracert
UNIX
An operating system, invented in 1969 at AT&T Bell
Laboratories, that was made available to researchers and students in
1973. It was used to develop the Internet's communication software
protocols. An interactive time-sharing system invented in 1969 by Ken
Thompson after Bell Labs left the Multics project, originally so he
could play games on his scavenged PDP-7. Dennis Ritchie, the inventor
of C, is considered a co-author of the system. The turning point in
UNIX's history came when it was reimplemented almost entirely in C
during 1972--1974, making it the first source-portable operating
system. UNIX subsequently underwent mutations and expansions at the
hands of many different people, resulting in a uniquely flexible and
developer-friendly environment. By 1991, UNIX had become the most
widely used multi-user general-purpose operating system in the world.
URL - Uniform Resource Locator
Describes the location and access method of a resource on the Internet
All Web sites have URLs. One could say a URL is to a web site as a
telephone number is to a telephone or a street address is to a house.
Although Web site URLs are sometimes long and hard to read, many
browsers have a bookmark feature, which allows you to save the location
(URL) of Web sites you want to return to. The URL "http://www.example.com"
describes the type of access method being used (http) and the server
location which hosts the Web site (www.example.com).
Vacation message
A message automatically sent as a reply to any message received in a
specified mailbox, in this case to inform the original sender that the
recipient is away and will not be able to respond. Also known as an
autoresponder.
Virtual
Simulation of the real thing. Means "almost" or "in effect only". You
will see this term appear before various computer terms to indicate
simulation technology that enables you to cross boundaries and
experience something without requiring its physical presence. The
Internet is also seen as a "virtual" world.
Virtual domain
A virtual domain is the base URL of the domain name. Examples include
yahoo.com and whg.org. Virtual domain names are not just limited to
.com, .net, .org, or .edu domain extensions. International domain names
are also virtual domain names, such as communitech.co.uk,
deutchland.de, etc.
Virtual server
A VServer virtual server is a fully functional Internet server system.
There are a few distinct differences, however, between a virtual server
and other Web hosting solutions. To function properly, all Internet
servers require a computer, special software, and a high-speed
connection to the Internet. A dedicated Internet server typically
allows only one person (or group of people) to use the computer,
software, and Internet connection. Because one person or group must
purchase all the hardware and software, plus pay for the monthly
expense of a high-speed Internet connection just to publish a single
Internet site, dedicated servers are rather expensive. As an
alternative to dedicated Internet severs, there are two basic types of
Web hosting solutions: Virtual Hosting, and Virtual Server technology.
Virus profiling
Virus profiling uses a scoring system to determine the likelihood that
the message contains a virus. There are certain attributes that make a
message inherently risky. We check those attributes first and block
those messages outright. Next, the profile software compares the
message body, subject line, attachment name, attachment file type, and
other message attributes against a database. The database contains
attributes that are indicative of known virus or worm characteristics.
Virus profiling is not an exact science. Some viruses are very
proficient at masking themselves by varying these attributes, and
making it more difficult to detect their presence through profiling.
Virus scanning
Virus scanning is done by actually scanning a file and seeking certain
attributes that define it as a virus, based on the scanning
software’s definitions. This is not possible on any mail
server because viruses are contained within attached files. Since mail
can only be transferred in ASCII text format, any attached file is
encoded into ASCII text. The only way for a mail server to perform
virus scanning is if the messages are decoded on the server, scanned,
and then encoded for final transport to the recipient. This is not
feasible, given the amount of time required to complete this process.
Thus, virus scanning must be done on the local computer, and as a
result is the responsibility of that computer’s owner.
WAN
Wide Area Network - A network that connects computers over a large
geographic area
Web Hosting
Web hosting allows your Web site to be
connected to the Internet at high speed via a Web server so its
information can be viewed globally through a browser. Metaphorically
speaking, renting space on a server is comparable to renting an
apartment. For a monthly fee, you reside in that apartment and all
maintenance is the responsibility of the property. You also have access
to certain amenities that would otherwise be a costly investment. A Web
hosting company houses your Web site on its own secure servers,
enabling you to affordably leverage the power of a high-speed network,
24/7 expert monitoring and support, and state-of-the-art technology.
WebTrends
WebTrends offers Web tracking
services, such as financial, traffic, and more. With WebTrends
reporting you can really see who is hitting your site, and which pages
are the most popular. WebTrends contains graphical and table based
reporting, so that you can find vital information about how your
website is being viewed.
Whois
A means of looking up names in a remote database. Used initially as an
aid for finding email addresses for people at large institutions or
companies.
Wideband
A medium-capacity communications
circuit/path. It usually implies a speed from 64Kbps to 1.544Mbps.
Windows NT
Windows NT is a 32-bit operating system that supports preemptive
multitasking. There are two versions of Windows NT: Windows NT Server
is designed to act as a server in networks, and Windows NT Workstation
is for stand-alone or client workstations
WWW - World Wide Web
A system of Internet servers that support specially formatted
documents. The documents are formatted in a language called HTML
(HyperText Markup Language) that supports links to other documents, as
well as graphics, audio, and video files. This means you can jump from
one document to another simply by clicking on hot spots. Not all
Internet servers are part of the World Wide Web.
XML
Short for extensible markup language.
XML is a pared-down version of SGML, designed especially for Web
documents. It allows designers to create their own customized tag,
enabling the definition, transmission, validation and interpretation of
data between applications and between organizations.
Yahoo!
A directory of Web resources that performs a reported 10 million
searches across the World Wide Web a week.
ZV Port
Short for zoomed video port, a port that enables data to be transferred
directly from a PC Card to a VGA controller. The port is actually a
connection to a zoomed video bus. This new bus was designed by the
PCMCIA to enable notebook computers to connect to real-time multimedia
devices such as video cameras. The first notebook computers with the ZV
port arrived in late 1996
